Perforating machine



Dec. 17, 1929. w. F. LAUTENSCHLAGER 'PERFORATING MACHINE Original Filed Oct. 18, 1921 5 Sheets-Sheet (6 bring Dec. 17, 1929.- w. F. LAUTENSCHL A GER 1,739,631 PERFORATING MACHINE?- Original Filed Oct. 18, 1921 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented Dec. 17, 1929 Uhtiiti STATES WILLIAM F. LAUTENSCI-ILAGER, 0F CIIZI'CINNATI, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO THE PEERLESS MACHINERY COMPANY, 013 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, A OGRPORATION OF lliIASSA- CHUSETTS PERFORATING MACHINE Application filed October 18, 1921, Serial No. 503,493. Renewed May 6, 1926.

This invention relates to perforating ma: chines and more particularly to a machlne of that description employing a rotatable member having its periphery adapted for perforating a continuous pattern on suitable material. I

Heretofore, in the use of machines of this character for imprinting or perforating designs upon leather and other suitable material, in the shoe manufacturing industry especially, it has been found difficultto secure an accurate placing of the continuous design on the curved portions of the shoe parts, such as Vamps and the like. This difficulty has been due, in a large measure, to the fact that these machines operate at a comparatively high speed and under such circumstances it is difficult and sometimes impossible for the operator to guide the work on curves in such a manner that the design is imprinted at all times in its proper place and at an equal distance from the edge of the work. In order to secure perfect work, the operators are generally obliged to stop the machine and then turn it slowly by hand in going around the curved portions in order to position properly the perforating. This is a slow process and the results are not always satisfactory since the operator is obliged to use one hand to turn the machine over and the other hand to guide thematerial.

The main object of my invention is to provide a perforating machine of the character described which can be operated either continuously or intermittently in a step-by-step manner at the will of the operator and without interfering with the guiding of the Work.

A further object of the invention is the provision of means whereby the machine can be easily and quickly adapted by the operator to patterns of various sizes and de signs.

Other objects of the invention will be more specifically set forth and described hereinafter.

In the use of perforating machines of the foregoing character, the rotatable member, as a rule is provided with a continuous design made up of a unit design repeated a suflicient number of times to form a circular perforating band on the periphery of said member, and it is desirable in perforating in a curved line in a step-by-step manner that each step should be the length of the unit design and no more nor no less. Since it is preferable to have all such rotatable members of the same diameter, it follows that the nu'mber of unit designs in the band encircling each member will vary in accordance with the character of the design. Consequently, the length of each step when the machine is operated in a step-by-step manner, will depend upon the length of the unit design, and since this varies, the machine must be adapted to move in steps of various lengths in accordance with the requirements of the particular rotatable member being employed.

Briefly, my invention contemplates, in a perforating machine embodying a rotatable member having its periphery adapted for perforating a continuous design, the provision of means in the control of the operator for operating said machine at will, either in a stepby-step or in a continuous manner. It further contemplates the provision of means for changingthe length of the step to correspond to the length of theunit design on the rotatable member. Preferably, I accomplish the first end by providing speed reducing means between themain shaft of the machine and the rotatable member, so that the latter rotates at a much slower speed than the former, and by providing a clutch whereby the rotation of the main shaft may be controlled to operate continuously or in a stepby-step manner. For accomplishing the second end, I provide simple means whereby the speed reducing means may be easily changed to produce various speeds of the rotatable member. I

In the drawings illustrating one form 0 my invention, Figure 1 is a side elevation, as viewed from the operators seat, of a machine constructed and adapted to be operated in accordance with my invention; Fig. 2 is a front end elevation of the machine look ing from left to right in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a rear end elevation looking from right to left in Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is avertical, central sectional view on line 44 in Fig. 3, looking from left to right; Fig. 5 is an elevation of a tube die perforating wheel, looking toward the perforating surface; Fig. 6 is a plan View of a shoe tip showing the form of design perforated by the wheel shown in Fig. 5; Fig. 7 is an elevation of another wheel designed to trim the edge of the material in a zigzag design and Fig. 8 is a plan View of a shoe tip having its edge trimmed by the wheel shown in Fig. 7

In the drawings, illustrating one embodiment of my invention, there is shown a hollow frame of any suitable form but prefer ably comprising an expanded base portion 10, and an upper portion 12 of reduced diameter; the extreme end, 14, of which is bent over to form an overhanging arm. To lighten the weight of the frame without reducing its strength, it'isprovided with sui'tablejfianged openings 16 and 18. I'nthe part in suitable bearings 20 and 22 formed on the interlor face of the frame is rotat'ably mounted a main shaft 24 which extends'from the front of the machine out through the rear part of the frame, the rear end of th'e'shaft being; adapted to be connected toany suitable source of power by a clutch. form of clutch may be used for'thispurpose so long as it is capable of imparting a stepgby-step or a continuous rotating movement to the main shaft. The step-by-step movement must, of course, be one in which the steps are of equal length and in the form of clutch shown in the drawings, the shaft may be rotated a single complete revolution at a time or continuously. The clutch mechanism shown in the drawings is of old and well known construction, comprising a cylindrical member 26 fastened to the shaft 24 and a pulley wheel 27 loosely held onthe end of the shaft by a nut 28. The hub 29 of the pulley wheel is so formed as to partially encirclethe cylindrical member 28. The inner face of the hub 29 provided with one or more projecting lugs 30, and the member 26 carries a pin :31 which projects beyond its counter-sunk face 32 for engagement with the lug on the pulley wheel. A helical spring 38 mounted in the pin recess tends to maintain said pin 31 normally in an outward position. In this position the clutch is in and the pulley wheel rotates the main shaft. For holding the clutch out a semi-circularcam 35 is mounted on the pin 31 and is provided with a bevelled forward face adapted to engage the bevelled faceof a cam block 36. The cam 35' is held against twisting by a guide pin '37 extending into the membe'r'26. Solong'as the cam block is between the cam and themember 26, as shown in Fig. 4, the clutch is out and the pulley 29 idles. In order to throw the clutch in to start the machine, the cam block is withdrawn from between the cam and the member 526 and for this purpose I provide the following treadle operated means. The cam block is mounted on a rod 38 movably mounted in a bracket 39 formed on the base 10 and the rod 38 is connected by any suitable means to a foot treadle, not shown. A spring 40 on the rod 38 abutting the bracket 39 at one end and a collar 41 adjustably secured to the rod 38 at the other end, serves to maintain the cam block in operative position and to force it upwardly'to engagethe'c'am surface on the cam 35 and throw out the clutch when pressure on the treadle is released. By depressing the treadle to throw in the clutch and then immediately releasing it, the machine will make one complete revolution of the main shaft'and then stop and by repeating this performance, a 'step-by-step operation of the machine is secured.

' In the overhanging arm 14 may be 'arranged a secondary shaft rotatably mounted in a bearing 45 and in the forward end of the arm and held in longitudinal adjustment therein by collars 46 held by set-screws-47. Upon its forward end, thesecondary shaft is reduced in diameter to receive a rotatable-perforating member which is shown in the form of 'a Wheelor disk 50, having it's-periphery provided with cutting or perforating means. The wheel may beheld in position'on the shaft by any suitableine'ans such as a nut 51. The rotatable member may be of various forms, and may be provided with tubes for perforating or with cutting surfaces of a variety of shapes and designs, and it is to be understood that in using the term perforating thro'ughout'this application, Imean to include also imprinting, pinkin'gand -impre'ssin a designon suitable material and cutting itsedges in an ornamental way. In the draw- I have shown in Fig. 5,a'-wheel"5( having its periphery provided with tubes 52erranged tofperforatea continuous lineal design made up o-f a plurality of units, each nnit comprising a large hole 53 with two small holes 54. In Fig. 6 is shown a shoe'top 55 havinga design of this character perforated along its transverse edge. In Fig. 7 is shown a wheel O having its periphery providedwith "a projecting zig-zag cutting edge56'for trimtungthe edges-ofmateria-l, such asashoe tip 57, as shown in Fig. "8. l/Vheels'having various other designs may be employed and preferably all these mem'bersare made of the same cutting diameter to avoid adjustments.

For the purpose of operating the perforating member at a slower-speed than the main shaft, any suitablespeed reducing'means'may be interposed between the main shaft andth'e secondary or 'per'forator shaft, and one such means is shown "in the drawings "com rising a reducing shaft 60 arranged perpen i'cularly to the main shaft and 'c'a-rried'by afl'yoke 61 andhaving secured t'o its lower end a beve'lled gear 62 ineshingwith a similar bevelled' gea r BEE-fastened by a pin'64 to thema'in'shaft 24 and having at its upper end a worm meshing with a Worm gear 66 mounted on the perforator shaft 4A. The two bevelled gears 62 and 63 are of the same diameter, in consequence of which the reducing shaft rotates at the same speed as the main shaft. The pitch of the worm is such that one rotation of the reducing shaft advances the worm gear a space equal to one single tooth thereof; that is, if the worm gear is provided with sixteen teeth on its periphery, itwill' require sixteen revolutions of the main shaft to turn the worm gear one complete revolution. The worm gear is loosely mounted on the reduced end of the shaft 14, the latter being slotted to receive apin 68 set cross-wise in the worm gear to effect the rotation of the perforator shaft when the worm gear is turned. It is unnecessary to provide means for fastening the worm gear to the shaft since the rotation of the worm is in such direction that the worm gear is held on the shaft and in engagement with the bearing 45 at all times, and the absence of fastening means permits the worm gear to be easily removed when required.

In order to rotate the perforating member through a space equal to one unit design thereon for each revolution of the main shaft, the number of cogs in the worm gear should be the same as the number of unit designs on the periphery of the perforating member being used. Since the number of unit designs on the various perforating members vary, it is, of course, necessary to provide a corresponding number of worm gears. Each worm gear must have a number of cogs corresponding to the number of unit designs in the perforator and since the individual cogs must be all of the same size in the gear in order to mesh with the worm the diameters of the gears will vary. In order to take care of this contingency, the yoke 61 is integral with a bracket 70, the lower end of which is in the form of a collar 71 surroundin the main shaft and movable thereon, wherby the yoke may be moved pivotally on the shaft as center and thereby the worm may be adjusted to worm gears of various diameters. For securing the yoke in adjusted position with the worm in mesh with the worm gear, the yoke is provided with a curved slot 73, the longitudinal axis of the slot being a curve centered on the center of the main shaft, and a wing nut 7 4. arranged in the slot and threaded in a boss 75 on the frame of the machine may be utilized for securing the yoke in adjusted position.

Any suitable form of work-support may be provided and one such form is shown comprising a large roller 80, preferably of hardened metal to resist the pressure of the cutting or perforating edges, said roller being rotatable and secured on a shaft 81 carried by a yoke 82 supported by or integral with an upright standard 83; the standard being recessed movably mounted in an upright bearing 84:, carried by a bracket 85 constituting a part of the frame of the machine. The lower part of the standard is threaded through a flanged nut 87 whichrests loosely on a flat circular boss 88 formed on the frame. Encircling the standard 83 and abutting at its upper end the bearing 84 and at its lower end the nut 87, is a helical spring 89 which serves to keep the nut in engagement with the boss 88. By turning the nut 87 the standard 83 -may be raised and lowered in order to adjust the roller 80 in relation to the rotatable perforating member 50.

In order to prevent any turning of the standard 83 and work-support 80, the standard is provided with an extending split bar 90 within which is closely fitted a pin 91 mounted in an extension 92 on the bearing 84. The pin is provided with a shoulder 93 adapted to engage the lower face of the split bar 90 when the pin 91 is locked in posit-ion by a nut 94 on its upper threaded end. Any suitable gauge may be provided'against which the work is held when it is fed through the machine, such as the gauge 95, which is pro vided with a slot 96 whereby it may be ad justa'bly secured by a screw 97 to the top of the yoke 82. In machines of this character it is customary to use a paper backer 98, interposed between the work and work-support, in order to receive the cutting action of the perforating or cutting edges and thereby protect said edges. In the drawings, the backer 98 is'shown as mounted on the worksupport 80 and carried down on both sides thereof through guides 99. Each guide is on its inner face to afford passageway for the hacker and is secured by two screws 100 to side extensions 101 arranged at the base of the yoke 82.

Although I have shown the machine as being provided with a roller work-support only, yet it is to be understood that an extended fiat work-support or table may be used, if desired, for supporting work of comparatively large area as distinguished from small parts, such as shoe tips. Such a work-sup- )8 port or table, adapted for temporary use on clutch out but ready to be started, using a perforating member 50 having a zig-Zag cutting edge aclapted for trimming the edges of material, as shown in Figure 8. In starting the machine, the work is first arranged on the backer 98 upon the work-support 80 with its edge against the gauge 95, and then the treadle is depressed, withdrawing the cam- .makeone complete revolution for each twenty-eight revolutions of the main shaft. The

operator feeds the Work in under the member 50 by hand, allowing the machine to operate continuously on straight edges. lVhen reaching any edge of the Work which is curved on short radius, the operator stops the machine and then operates it in a step-by-step manner by depressing the treadle for an instant in each case to allow the main shaft to make a complete revolution in each case and then stop. By regulating the pauses between the operations of the treadle, the operator can determine the speed on going around corners and can take plenty of time to adjust the Work properly.

If, at any time, a change of the perforating member is desired, all that is required is the manipulation of the nut 51, when the perforator may be removed from the end of the shaft and a new one slipped on and adjusted in position at the beginning of a unit design, whereupon the nut 51 may be screwed into tight engagement with the perforating mem ber. If the number of unit designs on the substituted member the same as the number on they member removed, then the machine may be operated Without further adjustments of any kind. If, however, the number is different, then the Worm gear will have to be changed. This is, however, a simple operation, because it involves nothing butthe releasing of the Wing nut '74:, the pivotal movement of the yoke 61 to disengage the Worm 65 from the Worm gear 66, the slippingoif from the shaft of the Worm gear an; the slipping on of the substi ute Worm gear, the pivotal movement of the yoke back again to carry the Worm into engagement with the substituted Worm gear, and lastly, the tightening of the Wing nut to hold the yoke in adjusted position. This operation can be performed in a very few seconds. It Will be found advisable, in this connection, to mark both the perforating members and the Worm gears respectively, \vlth the number of unit designs and the number of teeth thereon so tl. at the operator, having found that the perforator selected by her is marked twenty, Will then select a orm gear marked With the same number.

It will be observed'that my machine is simple both in construction and in operation andkyet iscapable of doing a Wide range of wor It i ube n r tood t at the embodim nt of the machine, herein shown anddescribed is merely one exemplification of the invention, which is not to berestricted to the form shown since it is capable of various other embodiments.

WVha t Iclaimis 1. A perforating machine having, in con bin-ation, a rotatable member having itsv periphery provided With perforating means arranged in a plurality of unit designs, a main shaft, mean'swithin the control of the operator for operating said main shaft either co tinuously or in a .step-by-step manner and means, intermediate said member and said shaft for rotating said member to perforate a unit design for each step of operation of said shaft; said means comprisinga speed reducing shaft operated fromthe main shaft and a orm and gear connection,betweensa d speed reduoingshaft and said rotatable, Inember.

2. A perforating machine having, in combination, a rotatable member having perforating means arranged in a plurality of unit designs, a gear mounted on said member and having teeth corresponding in number to the number of unit designs, on said member,a main shaft, means for operating said main shaft either continuously or in a step-by step manner at the Will. of the operator and means intermediate said gear and said main shaft for rotating said member to perforate one unitdesign on each step of said main shaft.

3. A perforating machine having, in combination, rotatable means forperforating a continuous design made up of unit designs,

a.ma inshaft, means for operating said shaft ina step-by-step manner and means intermediate said main shaft and said perforating means for operating said perforating means toperforate a single unit designfor each step of said main shaft.

l. A perforating machine, having, in combination, a main shaf fl one-revolution clutch for connecting said shaft to a source of power,a ,perforator shaft, .2. perforating member mounted on one end of said perforator shaft, said member having its periphery provided With perforating means arranged in a plurality of unit designs, and means inter mediate said main shaft andsaid per rat-or shaftv whereby said perforator shaft is t irned a sufficient distance to perforate a single unit {lGSIgIIfOI each complete revolution of said main shaft. V

5.- A perforating machine having, in com ..bination, a rotatable perforating member adapted for perforat ng a unit design, a main shaft, a one-revolution clutch for connecting said main shaft to a source of power and means for rotating said perforating member from said main shaftv a distance equal to one unit design for each revolution of said shaft.

6. A perforating member having, in comb1nat1on,a shaft, a member removably mount-. ed thereon, said member carrylng perforating means arranged in unit designs, a gear remov-' sign, a main shaft, means for rotating said shaft either continuously or-in a step-by-step manner at the will of the operator and means intermediate said member and said main shaft for operating said member to perforate a unit design on each step of the main shaft; said means including a speed reduction shaft;

8. A perforating machine having, in combination, a member for perforating a unit design, a main shaft, means for rotating said shaft either continuously or in a step-by-step manner at the will of the operator and means intermediate said member and said main shaft for operating said member to perforate a unit design on each step of themain shaft; said means including a transverse shaft geared to the main shaft and adjustably connected to the perforating member by a worm and gear connection.

9. A perforating machine having, in combination, means for perforating a continuous design made up of unit designs, a gear mounted on said perforating means having teeth corresponding in number to the number of unit designs on said perforating means, a main shaft, means for operating said main shaft in a step-by-step manner, a bevelled gear fixed on said main shaft, a yoke roc rably and transversely mounted on said shaft, a speed reduction shaft rotatably mounted in said yoke, a bevelled gear fixed on said reduction shaft and meshing with the bevelled gear on said main shaft, a worm mounted on the other end of said reduction shaft meshing with said gear mounted on said perforating means, said worm having such pitch of thread that said gear on said perforating meansis rotated a distance equal to one tooth thereof for each complete rotation of said reduction shaft. I 10. 'A perforating machine having, in combination, a main shaft, means for rotating said shaft in a step-by-step manner, a secondary shaft, a perforating member mounted on one end of said secondary shaft and provided with perforating means arranged in an annular series of unit designs, a worm ,gear mounted on the other end of said secondary shaft and having teeth equal in num} .ber. to the number of unit designs on said perforating member and means intermediate said main shaft and said secondary shaft for rotating said worm gear one tooth each step by rotation of said main shaft.

11. A perforating machine having, in combination, a main shaft, meansfor rotating said shaft in a step-by-step manner, a secondary shaft, a member mounted on said secondary shaft and provided with perforating means arranged in an, annular series of unit designs and speed reducing means interme diate said main shaft and said secondary shaft for rotating said perforating member one unit design on each. step of rotation of said main shaft. i

12. A perforating machine having, in combination, a main shaft, means for rotating said shaft in a step-by-step manner, a secondary shaft carrying perforating means arranged in an annular series of unit designs and speed reducing means intermediate said shafts for rotating said secondary shaft one unit design for each step of rotation of saic main shaft.

13. A perforating machine, having in combination, a main shaft, a secondary shaft, a rotatable member mounted on one end of said secondary shaft and provided with perforating means arranged in an annular series of unit designs, a worm gear mounted on the other end of said secondary shaft and having teeth equal in number to the number of unit designs on said rotatable member, said rotatable member and said worm gear being removable to permit the mounting of other rotatable members having different members of unit designs'with corresponding worm gears, an arm pivotally mounted on said main shaft, a speed reducing shaft carried by said arm, gear connections bet-ween said main shaft and said reducing shaft, a Worm mounted on the end of said reducing shaft adapted for engagement with the worm gear on said secondary shaft, and means for locking said arm in adjusted position to bring said worm into operative engagement with said Worm gear.

14. A perforating machine having, in combination, a main shaft, means for rotating said shaft in a step-by-step manner, a secondary shaft, a member mounted on said sec ondary shaft and provided with perforating means arranged in an annular series of unit designs, a gear mounted on said secondary shaft and having teeth corresponding in number to the number of unit designs on said member and speed reducing means intermediate said main shaft and said secondary shaft and adapted to mesh with said gear for rotating said member one unit design on each step of rotation of said main shaft.

15. A perforating machine having, in combination,a main shaft, means for. rotating said shaft in a step-by-step manner, a secondary shaft, amembermounted on saidsec ondary shaft and provided with perforating means arranged in an annular series of unit designs, a gear mounted on said secondary shaft and having teeth corresponding in number to the number of unit designs on said member and speed reducing means intermediate said main shaft and said secondary shaft and adapted to mesh with said gear for rotating said member one unit design on each step of rotation of said main shaft; said member and said gear being removable to permit the substitution of other members and ears having a different number of unit designs and teeth respectively and said speed reducing means being adj ustableito mesh with gears of various diameters.

'16. A perforating machinehaving, in combination, a main shaft, means for rotating said shaft in a step-by-step manner, a secondary shaft, a member mounted on said secondary shaft and provided with perforating means arranged in an annular series of unit designs, a gear mounted on said secondary shaft and having teeth corresponding'in numher to the number of unit designs on said member and speed reducing means intermediate said main shaft and said secondary shaft pivotally mounted on said main shaft and adapted to mesh with said gear for rotating said member one unit design on each step of rotation of said main shaft.

17. A perforating machine having, in combination, a main shaft, means for rotating said shaft in a step-by-step manner, a secondary shaft, a member mounted on said secondary shaft and provided With perforating means arranged in an annular series of unit designs, a gear mounted on said secondary shaft and having teeth corresponding in number to the number of unit designs on said member and speed reducing means intermediate said main shaft and said secondary shaft pivotally mounted on said main shaft and adapted to mesh with said gear for retating said member one unit design on each step of rotation. of said main shaft; said member and said gear being removable to permit the substitution of other members and gears having a different number of unit designs and teeth respectively and said speed reducing means being adjustable to mesh with gears of various diameters.

18. A perforating machine having, in combination, a member provided with -perfo rating means arranged in a plurality of unit designs, a main shaft, means ferro'tating said shaft in a step-'by-s'tep manner and means including a worm gear intermediatesai-d member and said shaft for rotating said member one unit design for-each-step of said main shaft. 4

19. A perforating machine having, in combination, a rota-table member carrying-peripheral perforating means arranged in a plurality of unit designs, a main-shaft,-means for rotating said main shaft one revolution at a time and means including a Worm gear intermediate said member and said shaft whereby said member is rotated a unit design for each revolution of said main shaft; said machine being capable of adaptation to perforating member with various numbers of unit designs by the substitution of worm gears of different sizes.

20. A perforating machine having, in combination, a rotatable member provided with peripheral perforating means arranged in a plurality of unit designs, a mainshaft, means for rotating said shaft in a step-'by-stepmanner, said shaft being capable of continuous rotation, and means including a worm gear intermediatesaid member and said shaft whereby said rotatable member is rotated one unit design for each step of rotation of said main shaft.

21. A perforating machine having, in com bination, a disk rotatablymounted and provided with peripheral perforating means arranged in a plurality of unit designs, a main shaft, means for rotating said shaftione revolution at a time and means including a detachably mounted worm gear intermediate said disk and said shaft whereby said .disk is rotated one unit design for each revolution of said main shaft.

'22. A perforating maehinehaving, in combination, a member provided with peripheral perforating means arranged in a series of unit designs, a main shaft, means for rotating said main shaft in a step-by-step manner and means, including a worm gear having teeth equal in number to the number of unit designs on said member, intermediate said member and said main shaft for rotating said member one unit design for each step of rotation of said main shaft; said intermediate means being capable of adaptation to perforating members having differentnumbers of unit designs by the substitution of worm gears of different sizes.

23. A perforating maehinehaving, in combination, a shaft, a disk mounted on one end of said shaft and provided with peripheral perforating means arranged in a plurality of unit designs, a worm gear mounted on the other end of said shaft and having teeth equal in number to the number of unit designs on said disk, a main shaft-,means for rotating said main shaft one revolution at-a time and means intermediate said wormgear and said main shaft for rotating said disk one unit design on each revolution of saidmainishafti; said disk and said worm gear being removable to permit the substitution of other disks 7 having different numbers'of unit designs and worm gears respectively, said worm gear "in each case having teeth correspond ng In number to the number of unit designs on disk;

24. n perforating macnineaaving, is cema bination, a shaft, a member removably moun ed on said shaft and provided With perforating means arranged in an annular series of unit designs, a Worm gear removably mounted on said shaft and having teeth corresponding in number to the number of unit designs on said member, a main shaft, means for rotating said shaft in a step-by-step manner and means intermediate said Worm gear 10 and said main shaft for rotating said member one unit design for each step of rotation of said main shaft, said intermediate means being adapted to mesh with Worm gears of different sizes to permit the machine to use perforating members having different numbers of unit designs by the substitution of different sizes of Worm gears.

In Witness whereof, I hereunto set my hand this 13th day of October, 1921. so \VILLIAM F. LAUTENSCHLAGER. 

